U11-1/U11-2
Animal Testing: Do We Need (: Call for) It?
Line 1
heaten
Hot=> heat=> heated (: violent)
Lines 13-14
force feed
Line 17 treatment n. 處遇; cure; heal
1.
process
stage
The counting (N.) of votes to see who will become president
is a long process
that requires many
people.
Cf.
proceed: go on/continue
2.
conduct/perform/do an experiment on …
= experiment…
The company did (: conducted/performed)
many (: a great number of) experiments (so as)
to test how people could live (: inhabit/reside)
in (outer) space in the (near/distant) future.
3.
scientist/scientific/scientifically
A scientist must
(: has to) examine (: check) every detail
over and over (: again and again;
over and over again; repeatedly), and then (s)he
(must) write about the results
(: outcomes/consequences) of test.
4.
affect v. influence/impact
sb./sth. b adly/negatively.
an effect n.
have/has/had/exert
an
effect/influence/impact on sth./sb.
a side-effect 副作用
affection: love n.
When I drink coffee in the morning,
it (: the coffee) affects
my energy (: pep/vitality/vigor)
levels (: layers/standards/norms)
throughout (: all over)
the day in a positive way (=> method/manner/).
5.
injure v. injures/injured=> wound/
hurt one’s feelings/
harm/damage
injury n. injuries
n.
The man injured
(: wounded) his hand
when he fall/fell/fallen
down the steps (: stairs).
6.
Raising pets has probably some
healing powers.
The healing (: recovery) of Jeremey’s broken
will take about three to six months.
It will take Jeremey 3-6 months to recover due to the broken leg.
estimate: count/calculate
vaccine
chimpanzee
contract v. infect/be infected with/come down with
contract n. agreement/compact
contrast: in contrast
in comparison
specimen 樣本
ex. Susan could
(: was able to) wear the pair of shoes
even though they were meant for kids
because she has small feet.
allow for sth.
Sarah has ___ (bought/buy)
some (pieces of) land
(that/which) has enough
(:
sufficient/adequate/abundant/ample)
space (: room) to allow for
two large houses
to be built.
on purpose: purposely/intentionally
I think (that)
Matt ran (: bumped/hit) into Hank
purposely (: on purpose/intentionally)
because
he smiled right after (the hit) and
he didn’t apologize (: say sorry)
to Hank for his rude behavior.
be meant for
(: be proper/fit/suitable/appropriate for)
p. 58
line 3 …there are two sides to every coin.
Life is full of ups and downs. Just face the music.
Whatever is worth doing
is worth doing well.
motto
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Line 5
p. 58
Try: v. n.
Give it a try.
Have a try.
many trials
U11-1
Animal Testing : Do We Call for (: Need) it?
cruel
cruelty
Animal testing has ___ (see/saw/seen)
much (: plenty of/lots of/a great deal of)
heated (: violent/keen)
debate (: argument) over the years.
This ___ (proceed/process) includes (: contains)
using animals in experiments (in order) to test products
(which are) meant (: proper/fit/suitable/appropriate) for
human beings/humans.
(2.1) U11-1
Last year (: In 2020), three ___ (science/scientists/scientific)
__ (win/won) a Nobel Prize for the _finding__ (discover/discovery) of Hepatitis C
virus (HCV).
(2.2)
This virus ___ (affects/effects) about 142 million people
around (: all over)
the world.
(2.3)
Currently (: Nowadays/Today), there __
(has/is) no vaccine
for HCV, but
animal testing may allow for one (: vaccine).
(2.4)
In the US, HCV kills more people than HIV
every year.
(3.1)
Animals in experiments are ___ (common/commonly) force-fed (V-pp & Adj.)
or not given enough (: sufficient/adequate/affluent/ample)
food water.
(3.2)
They might even be ___ (injures/injuries/injured)
or might be made sick on purpose so
scientists can study healing
effects and see (: judge/determine) what (: the thing which) medicines
are good for treatment.
(3.3)
Many animals are even killed after
the experiment is over.
(4.1)
Chimpanzees are special because (: on
account that) they are
the only animal (that) we know of
that contracts (: infects/comes down with) HCV
other (: more) than humans.
(4.2)
This makes them an important specimen (樣本)
for doing (: performing/conducting) tests
to create drugs to fight HCV.
(4.3)
Is it the best method (:
way/manner/approach)?
U11-2
2/26
(1.1)
Even though…, …
Even though we can achieve many results
for humans from animal testing,
there ___ (are/have) always two sides to every coin.
(1.2)
In the treatment trials (which were) already
done for HCV,
there __ (has had/have been/has been)
a 95 percent success (n.) rate (n.) in
patients.
(1.3)
This is one positive result of using chimpanzees
for medical tests, and
humans benefit (: gain good points)
from this research (: study/survey).
(2.1)
But (: However,/Yet,/Still,) will there ___ (have/be)
a time___ (which/when) we have learned enough
to stop (: deter/keep) using chimpanzees for
tests?
(2.2)
That time could be now.
(2.3)
Studying the life cycles of HCV can now be
done
in laboratory using (: which uses)
human cell cultures in Petri dishes.
(2.4) With all that we’ve learned from
chimpanzees,
we may not need to do more live testing.
(2.5)
Others argue (: fight/quarrel/debate) that
a vaccine would take longer to create
because of the need (: demand) to see reactions
of medicine in a living being (:
existence).
(2.6)
We could (: were able to)
continue (: proceed) to use
human cell cultures, but it would take
much longer and more lives (: life pl.)
may be lost (:lose/lost/lost) at the same time.
(2.7)
There ___ (is/has) no clear winner (: victor)
in this debate (: argument), so it’s up to society
to try and find some equality (n.)
between animals and human testing.
