Unit 5
1. Ving..., S + V....:
說明
(1) 副詞子句簡化而成的現在分詞構句，
(2) 為主動用法。
(3) 副詞子句與主要句子主詞相同時，
(4) 可以省略連接詞及副詞子句的主詞，
(5) 將副詞子句中的主動動詞改為現在分詞，
簡化成現在分詞構句。
(6) 常搭配的連接詞有
表「時間」的when、while、after、as soon as
表「原因」的because、since等。
(7) 若副詞子句為否定句，改成分詞構句時，否定詞須置於分詞之前。
例句 1. Since people did not know what was happening, they kept on eating
from these “bottomless bowls.”
→ Not knowing what was
happening, people kept on eating from these “bottomless bowls.”
(因為人們不知道發生了什麼事，他們就一直吃著碗裡的東西。)
2. After Lois heard the good news, she cried tears of joy.
→
Hearing the good news, Lois cried tears of joy.
(Lois聽到好消息後喜極而泣。)
3. Because my brother is a big fan of baseball, he bought the front
row ticket to the game.
→ Being a big fan of
baseball, my brother bought the front row ticket to the game.
(因為我哥哥是棒球迷，他買了最前排的球賽門票。)
練習 1. As soon as Wendy
received her present, she opened it excitedly. (改寫句子)
過去:
Receiving her present, Wendy opened it excitedly.
2. When I was sitting in my room, I heard my mother calling me. (改寫句子)
Sitting in my room, I heard my mother calling me.
2. V-pp..., S + V....:
說明
(1) 為副詞子句簡化成分詞構句，
(2) 屬被動用法。
(3) 當連接詞置於句首
(4) 且副詞子句與主要句子之主詞相同時，
(5) 若副詞子句為被動語態，
(6) 可以省略連接詞和副詞子句的主詞及be動詞，
(7) 留過去分詞(V-pp)作句首，
形成過去分詞構句。
例句 1. When the cows are called by their own names, they end up being in a
better mood.
→ Called by their own
names, the cows end up being in a better mood.
(當牛被用自己的名字稱呼時，牠們就會心情很好。)
2. Because Sarah was teased by her classmates, she felt upset all day.
→ Teased by her classmates, Sarah
felt upset all day.
(因為Sarah被同學嘲笑了，她整天都不開心。)
3. Since Alex is chosen to represent the company, he will do his
best to give the clients a good impression.
→ Chosen to represent (: stand for) the company, Alex will do his best to give the clients a good impression.
(因為Alex被選來代表公司，他會盡力給客戶好印象。)
練習 1. After the boy was
given some cookies, he sat down to take a rest. (改寫句子)
→ Given some cookies, the boy sat down to take a rest.
2. When the thief was
seen by the police, (s)he ran as fast as (s)he could. (改寫句子)
→ Seen by the police, the thief ran as fast as he could.
3. more A than B: A勝過B
說明 此句型用來表示「與其說是B，不如說是A」，A和B兩者的詞性須一致。
例句 1. Wansink concluded that people eat more
with their eyes than with their stomachs.
(Wansink推斷出與其說人們是用肚子吃東西，不如說是用眼睛。)
2. Susan is more diligent (: hard-working/industrious) than
intelligent (: smart/clever).
(與其說Susan聰明，不如說她是努力。)
3. My father was more disappointed than
angry about my grades.
(我父親對我的成績感到失望多於生氣。)
練習 1. 當我得知消息時，與其說我是震驚，不如說是高興。
I was more happy than shocked when I learned the news.
2. 與其說Jamie買的東西是工具，不如說是裝飾品。
What Jamie bought was more a decoration than a tool.
4. S + have + a hard time (+ in) + Ving
說明 此句型用以表示「在……方面有困難，很難做到……」。其中in常被省略而直接接動名詞(Ving)。a hard time還能用difficulty或trouble替換。
例句 1. When taking photographs, many people have a hard time (in) trying
to get a blink-free group photo.
(在拍照時，許多人很難拍出一張沒有眨眼的團體照。)
2. Gary had difficulty (in) understanding
the foreigner's Chinese.
(Gary 很難聽得懂那位外國人說的中文。)
3. My grandmother had trouble (in) learning
how to use a smartphone.
(我的祖母學習如何使用智慧型手機有困難。)
練習 1. Nancy在找能養寵物的公寓套房時有困難。
Nancy has a hard time (in) looking for an
apartment (: a flat) that allows pets.
2. 我弟弟拿書架最上層的書有困難。
My little brother has/had trouble/difficulty (in) getting the book on the top shelf.
形容詞比較級(+ N) 形容詞比較級(+ N)
5. the ...,
the ...
副詞比較級 副詞比較級
說明
(1) 此句型表示「越……，越……」，
(2) the後面接形容詞比較級或副詞比較級，
(3)形容詞和副詞用法可以搭配混用。
(4) 當動詞為be動詞且句意明確時，有時可省略主詞及be動詞。
例句 1. The bigger the group is, the more shots (: photos/pictures) people will need
to take.
(團體的人越多，人們就需要拍越多張照。)
2. The faster you drive, the more dangerous it is.
(車開得越快就越危險。)
3. The sooner, the better. (越早越好。)
The more, the merrier. (人愈多愈快樂)
練習 1. 越靠近台南，天氣越溫暖。
The closer to Tainan (one is) , the warmer the weather is.
2. Tina唱歌越大聲，她就會越快失聲。
The louder Tina sings, the sooner she will lose her voice.
(1) possible
1. as Adv as (2) S + can (配合現在式)
(3) S + could (配合過去式)
說明
(1) 此為副詞比較的延伸句型，
(2) 用來修飾動詞片語，
(3) 中文作「盡可能……，越……越好」解。
(4) 本句型為原級比較的用法，因此副詞應使用原級。
例句 1. It is important to learn interview skills as early as possible.
(: as early as one can.)
(盡可能早點學會面試技巧是很重要的。)
2. Please reply to my
mail as soon as possible.
(請盡快回覆我的信。)
3. Daniel ran as fast as he could to
catch the school bus.
Daniel ran to catch the school bas as fast as possible.
(Daniel盡可能地快跑以趕上校車。)
練習 1. 我的媽媽盡可能地公平對待我和哥哥。
My mother treats my brother and I
(1) as equally as she can .
(2) as fairly as possible.
(3) as equivalent as she can.
2. 我們想要盡可能地提早籌劃活動。
We wanted to organize the campaign
(1) as early as possible
(2) as early as we could.
2. S1
+ recommend/insist/demand/order + that + S2 + (should) V....
說明 1. 此為
(1) 意志動詞的用法。
(2) 表示建議、
(3) 堅持、
(4) 命令、
(5) 要求等意思的動詞，
(6) 其後所接的that子句中，助動詞should常省略，
(7) 故that子句中的動詞常以原形動詞。
2. 此句型中的常見動詞有
(1) 表示「建議」的recommend、suggest、advise，
(2) 表示「堅持」的insist，
(3) 表示「要求」的demand、require、request、ask及
(4) 表示「命令」的order、command等。
3. that子句如需表達否定意義，則須把not加在原形動詞之前。
(1) The teacher suggested that (s)he (should) not sleep in class.
(2) He advised that the dog (should) not beaten cruelly.
(3) He ordered that the dog (should) stand still to show politeness or courtesy.
(4) The commander-in-chief commanded (: ordered) that all the army, air force, the navy
(should) be evacuated (撤退的) shortly before the explosion.
例句 1. Most interviewers demand that
interviewees (should) introduce themselves at the beginning of an interview.
(大部分的面試官會要求面試者在面試開始時自我介紹。)
2. The clerk recommended
that I (should) buy the latest smartphone.
(店員建議我買最新款的智慧型手機。)
3. The tour guide insisted that
Mark (should) get up at 5:30 am to watch the beautiful sunrise.
(導遊堅持Mark要在清晨五點半起床以觀賞美麗的日出。)
練習 1. 醫生建議Doris多喝水，並在晚上十點半前就寢。
The doctor advised that Doris(should) drink more water and(should) go to bed before 10:30 pm.
2. 國王命令將叛徒送往監獄。
The king ordered (: commanded) that the traitor (should) be sent to prison.
3. whether +
S + V... (+ or not) = whether or not + S + V...
說明 1. 此為whether作連結詞的用法，表示「無論……與否」之意句末的or not可以省略。whether引導的子句在句首時，需用逗號與主要子句隔開。
2. 此句型也可將or not放到whether後，句型作“whether or not + S +
V..., S + V...”。
例句 1. Whether you are accepted or not, (you) try (: attempt/intend/manage) to learn from the
experience.
(無論你是否被錄取，試著從經驗中學習。)
2. Whether John's parents support him or not, he has made
up his mind to go on a working holiday.
(無論他的父母親是否贊成，John已下定決心去打工渡假。)
3. Whether it rains or not, the baseball game will start
on time.
(無論晴雨，棒球賽都會準時開打。)
練習 1. 無論你喜不喜歡，你都必須寫完功課。
Whether you
like it or not , you have to finish your homework.
2. 無論你是否要來參加派對，請通知我。
Whether or not you are coming to the party,
please let me know.
4. ...N +
who/whom/which/that....
說明 1. 此為
(1) 限定用法的關係子句，
(2) 又稱為形容詞子句，
(3) 用來修飾先行詞 (N)。
2. (1) 先行詞為人的時候，關係代名詞who或whom分別代替主詞及受詞。
(2) 先行詞為事物的時候，則用關係代名詞which。
(3) 若關係代名詞為受格時可省略。
(4) that通常可用來代替限定關係子句中的who、whom和which。
(5) 限定關係: 要與其他人、事、物比較
3. 當先行詞有all、every、some、any、no、the
only和形容詞最高級the Adj+ -est 等修飾時，關係代名詞只能用that。
例句 1. Answers which display a broad knowledge of the
department or company can show that you have fully prepared for the interview. (可展現出對於該部門或公司具有深入了解的答案，顯示出你為這場面試做了萬全準備。)
2. The company is looking
for someone that(: who) is good at numbers.
(這間公司在尋找善於處理數字的人才。)
Note:
(1) look for/search for/seek/be-V in search of
(2) be-V good at/master/be adept at / be at home in
3. Anne is the coolest
mom that I have ever known.
(Anne是我所知最酷的媽媽。)
練習 1. Ben是我們班上唯一一個從沒喝過珍珠奶茶的人。
Ben is the only person that has never drunk (drink/drank/drunk 變) pearl milk tea
in our class.
2. 我所邀請的人都來參加我的生日派對。
The people whom/that I invited all came to my birthday party.
Ben was also the very person (正是) that I invited to my birthday party.
Ben was also the same person that (同一個) I invited to the host to my birthday party.
5. It (假主詞; 假Subject) +
be-V (is或was或has been或had been) +
recommended (: advised/suggested) +
(真主詞; 真S: ) that + S + (should) + V....
說明 1. 此句型中的
(1) it為虛主詞，
(2) 代替被移到句末的真主詞that子句，
(3) 表示「建議……」之意。
(4) 當句中主詞較長時，可以虛主詞it代替。
(5) that子句中，助動詞should常省略，
(6) 故子句中的動詞常以原形動詞表示。
2. recommended也可以用advised和suggested替換。
3. It is necessary that he keep silent and comply with the class rules in class.
例句 1. It is
highly (: very)
recommended (被動: 建議的/advised/suggested)
that
you (should) find
a list of questions
(which are) related to
these topics on the Internet.
(非常建議你在網路上搜尋關於這些主題的問題列表。)
2. It is
advised/recommended/suggested
that
you (should)
make a reservation for a table of ten
before
eating (: you eat)
at that famous (: renowned/reputed/celebrated) restaurant.
(建議你要去那家知名餐廳用餐前先訂位。)
3. It is
strongly (: firmly)
suggested/recommended/ advised
that
those who are on a diet
(should)
keep a food diary.
(強烈建議節食的人寫下食物日記。)
Note:
1. day/daily/everyday
2. dairy products such as milk and cheese
3. keep a diary/journal
練習 1. 建議人們定期做健康檢查。
It
is
recommended(: advised/suggested)
that
people (should)
get health checks
(: have physical exams or checks)
regularly.
2. 強烈建議你創造一個難猜的密碼。
It
is
strongly (: firmly)
suggested (: advised/recommended)
that
you (should)
create
password that or which
is hard (: difficult/formidable) to guess.
實力評量
I. 選擇題：依據下列各題句意，選出一個最符合語法的答案。
( D ) 1. The only thing ____ worries Mandy is her
grades.
(A) which (B)
whom (C) who (D) that
( B ) 2. The doctor advised that my father (should) ____
smoking cigarettes.
(A) quitting (B)
quit (C) to quit (D) quitted
( A ) 3. ____ is advised that patients (should) take (服用) this medicine on empty stomach (空腹).
(A) It (B)
What (C) That (D) Which
( A ) 4. The king ordered (: commanded) that
every house in his
country (should) ____ painted red.
(A) be (B)
is (C) × (D) being
( D ) 5. Jacob likes to make friends with people ____ are
smart and creative.
(關代: 一山不容二虎; 瞻左顧右; 瞻前顧後; 顧後比瞻前重要)
(A) whom (B)
what (C) which (D) who
( A ) 6. The man ____ was accused of (: was charged with) stealing money
claimed that he was innocent of the crime.
(A) that 或who (B)
what (C) which (D) whom
( D ) 7. The salesperson suggested that Kelly (should) ____ on (試穿) the
pair of shoes.
(A) trying (B)
to try (C) tried (D) try
( A ) 8. Our boss asked us to get the job done as __adj. 原級__ as possible (: as ... as the boss could).
(A) quickly (B)
quicklier (C) most quickly (D) more quickly
( B ) 9. In Israel, ____ you are a man or not, you
have to (: must) serve in the army (從軍: join the army).
(A) who (B)
whether (C) if (D) as
( A ) 10. I try to keep (Vt) my room (O) ____ clean (O.C.: adj. ...的) ____.
(A) as...as I can. 或 as ... as possible (B)
so...as I can (C) so...as possible (D) as...possible
II. 合併句子：依據提示字將以下各句合併。
Whether..., ...
...whether ...
1.
It doesn't matter (: It is not important that) the weather is good or
not.
We will
go hiking tomorrow morning. (...whether...)
→ We will go hiking tomorrow
morning whether the weather is good or not.
2. It doesn't matter the wind is strong or not.
You should stay home when the typhoon comes. (Whether...)
→ Whether the wind is strong or not, you should stay home when the
typhoon comes.
3. You should drink at least 8
glasses of water every day.
That is advised. (It....)
→ It is advised that you
(should) drink at least 8 glasses of water every day.
4. Tourists should not carry too
much cash with them while traveling.
That is recommended. (It....)
→ It is recommended that tourists (should) not carry too much cash (現金沒有複數形) with them while traveling.
cash (現金如同錢, 不可數名詞; 沒有複數形)
5. I should dress up as Spiderman on Halloween.
James insisted that. (James....)
→ James insisted that I should dress up as Spiderman on Halloween.
III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。
1. 身為一名秘書，Diane總是盡可能有效率地工作，以將每件事安排 (: 處理) 妥當。
As a secretary, Diane always works as efficiently as possible
so that (: in order that) she can manage everything well.
(...arrange...in order).
2. Owen最愛的人是他的女兒。
The person that/whom Owen loves the most is his
daughter.
3. 老師要求我們週五前完成報告。
My teacher demanded
that we should finish/complete/carry out) the report by
this Friday.
4. 不管Linda漂不漂亮，她惡劣的態度使她不受歡迎。
Whether Linda is pretty or not, her bad attitude makes her
unpopular (among her classmates).
5. 建議犬隻飼主每天遛狗。
It is suggested that dog owners walk their dogs every
day.
實力評量
( C ) 1. Karl looks like ____ a farmer than a scientist. (1,6.,8)
(A) such (B)
much (C) more (D) that
( D ) 2. ___ by the teacher, Henry has to clean the
blackboard for the whole week. (2,10)
(A) Be punished (B)
Punishing (C) Punish (D) Punished
( C ) 3. ___ hard, Bill got a good grade on the
difficult math test. (3,7)
(A) Studied (B)
To study (C) Having studied (D) Had studied
( A ) 4. The more products you buy, the ____ discount you will get.
(A) better (B)
best (C) good (D) well
( A ) 5. Bryan has trouble ____ the machine work. (5,9)
(A) making (B)
made (C) to make (D) makes
( C ) 6. William thinks that beauty is ____ about the heart than about the face.
(A) such (B)
much (C) more (D) even
( D ) 7. ___ in the city, David leads (: David lives) a busy
lifestyle.
(A) Lives (B)
Lived (C) Live (D) Living
( A ) 8. Vicky sees her dog as ____ a friend than as a pet.
(A) more (B)
much (C) many (D) that
( B ) 9. Samuel had a hard time ____ what the teacher said.
(A) understood (B)
understanding (C) understand (D) to understand
( A ) 10. ___ into a rich family, Laura never knows
what it is like to be poor.
(A) Born (B)
Be born (C) Was born (D) Birth
II. 重組句子：將以下各句重組並做適當修改。
1. Written/the
note/for me/in poor handwriting,/to read/was hard
Written in
poor handwriting, the note was hard for me to read.
2. when/Iris/to
represent the class/was chosen/more nervous/was/than excited/she
Iris was more
nervous than excited when she was chosen to represent the class.
3. watched/on
the chair,/Sitting/her favorite TV show/Sherry
Sitting on the
chair, Sherry watched her favorite TV show.
4. The
more/does,/work/Mark/tired/gets/he/the more
The more work
Mark does, the more tired he gets.
5. Larry/the
perfect birthday gift/looking for/a hard time/had/for his girlfriend
Larry had a
hard time looking for the perfect birthday gift for his girlfriend.
III. 引導式翻譯：每格限填一字。
1. 當我得知弟弟和別人打架時，我擔心多於生氣。
When I learned that my brother
got into a fight, I was more worried than angry.
2. Eliza在學習開車時有困難。
Eliza has/had difficulty/trouble (in) learning how to drive a
car.
3. Harry 越常練習吉他，他會彈的曲子就越多。
The more often (: frequently) Harry practices his guitar, the more songs he can play.
4. 因為Ariel住離學校很遠，她每天都要早起。
Living far away from school, Ariel
needs to get up early every day.
5. 當我被我的朋友稱讚時，我以一個大大的微笑回應。
P Praised by (: Complimented) my friends, I responded (: reply 去-y + -ied) with
a big smile.
