1. hinder/prevent/stop/deter/keep A from B
2. curb/control
(A) 阻礙 (2) 抵擋 (3) 克制
ABC
1. Don't let your laziness hold you back.
(...prevent you from achieving success.)
2. The police tried to hold the protesters back with some barriers.
3. Elaine tried to hold back (: control) her tears, not wanting other people to see her cry.
(A) reserve (B)preserve (C) conserve (D) deserve
A. You had better book (: reserve) the hotel room in advance of high (旺) season.
=> You may as well ... the hotel room before a high season comes.
in the first place
(1) primarily
(2) initially
weigh pros and cons
衡量利弊得失
優缺點
strength and weakness
advantage and disadvantage
benefit and drawback
merit and demerit
good points and shortcomings
be/stand up for + N
=> be willing to V
<=> be unwilling to V
be reluctant to V
be up to you 由你決定
Whether you go (or not) is up to you.
句型1
In order to underscore the importance or value of some messages or some pieces of information, one can present them in a double negative tone. This way is an emphatic way of expression. There are at least 3 types of variation. They are as follows:
(1) ...not+ V原形... without (N) 或V-ing ... (動名詞相當於名詞)
ex.
will not (: won't)... without ...
may not (: mayn't) ... without ...
do not (: don't) ...
did not (: didn't) ...
does not (: doesn't)...
can not (: can't) ...
ex.
... not + V-pp ... without N 或V-ing...
(have/has/had)+ not + V-pp... without N or without V-ing ... ...
have/has / had + not + been + V-pp (1) without N or without V-ing...
haven't + V-pp...
hasn't+ V-pp...
hadn't + V-pp...
ex.
have/has/had + not + been + 純形容詞 ... without + N or without V-ing...
haven't + V-pp...
hasn't+ V-pp...
hadn't + V-pp...
(2) ...
一重否定
1. I have worked for three hours without (taking) a break.
2. Linda walked into the room without making a sound.
雙重否定變成肯定
(無...不...)
(每...必...)
為了使寫作更有力
not...without...
I can't live without you.
never... without
My mom never leaves home without telling us where she goes.
Mr. Brown never thinks of his dead wife without feeling sad (: depressed/disappointed).
=> Every time Mr. Brown thinks of his dead wife, he feels sad.
=> Whenever Mr. Brown thinks of (想起) his deceased wife, he feels sad (: he is full of sorrows).
no...without...
no + N ... without N1
No one is without a past.
-some
awe-some
bother-some
fear-some
tire-some
trouble-some
worr-i-some
p. 39
cannot (: can't) ...without
p. 40
never...complaining
never...without...
No...without working...
never go out without locking the door
never leave a room without turning off the lights
you should not (: you shouldn't) watch TV without finishing your homework first
you cannot (: can't) bring your friends home without our permission
we will not (: won't) return home without some nice presents for you
p. 41
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find any mung beans floating on the top
Leave a lid covering the pot
keep the beans boiling
find it sweet enough
keep the lid shut (: closed)
* 否定介係詞是 _____ (with/without)
